Spac5xx的实现是按照标准的USB VIDEO设备的驱动框架编写（其具体的驱动框架可参照/usr/src/linux/drivers/usb/usbvideo.c文件），整个源程序由四个主体部分组成：设备模块的初始化模块和卸载模块，上层软件接口模块，数据传输模块。具体的模块分析如下：
一． 初始化设备模块：
该驱动采用了显式的模块初始化和消除函数，即调用module_init来初始化一个模块，并在卸载时调用moduel-exit函数（此二函数在2.3.13内核开始支持）。其具体实现如下：
1．模块初始化：
module_init (usb_spca5xx_init);
static int __init
usb_spca5xx_init (void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
proc_spca50x_create (); //建立PROC设备文件
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
if (usb_register (&spca5xx_driver) < 0) //注册USB设备驱动
return -1;
info ("spca5xx driver %s registered", version);
return 0;
}
2．模块卸载：
module_exit (usb_spca5xx_exit);
tatic void __exit
usb_spca5xx_exit (void)
{
usb_deregister (&spca5xx_driver); //注销USB设备驱动
info ("driver spca5xx deregistered");
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
proc_spca50x_destroy (); //撤消PROC设备文件
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
}
关键数据结构： //USB驱动结构，即插即用功能的实现
static struct usb_driver spca5xx_driver = {
"spca5xx",
spca5xx_probe, //注册设备自我侦测功能
spca5xx_disconnect, //注册设备自我断开功能
{NULL,NULL}
};
用两个函数调用spca5xx_probe 和spca5xx_disconnect来支持USB设备的即插即用功能：
spca5xx_probe具体实现如下：
static void *
spca5xx_probe (struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int ifnum, const struct usb_device_id *id)
{
struct usb_interface_descriptor *interface; //USB设备接口描述符
struct usb_spca50x *spca50x; //物理设备数据结构
int err_probe;
int i;
if (dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations != 1) //探测设备是不是可配置
goto nodevice;
if (ifnum > 0)
goto nodevice;
interface = &dev->actconfig->interface[ifnum].altsetting[0];
MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
interface = &intf->altsetting[0].desc;
if (interface->bInterfaceNumber > 0)
goto nodevice;
if ((spca50x = kmalloc (sizeof (struct usb_spca50x), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)
//分配物理地址空间
{
err ("couldn't kmalloc spca50x struct");
goto error;
}
memset (spca50x, 0, sizeof (struct usb_spca50x));
spca50x->dev = dev;
spca50x->iface = interface->bInterfaceNumber;
if ((err_probe = spcaDetectCamera (spca50x)) < 0)
//具体物理设备查找，匹配厂商号，设备号（在子程序中）
{
err (" Devices not found !! ");
goto error;
}
PDEBUG (0, "Camera type %s ", Plist[spca50x->cameratype].name
for (i = 0; i < SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES; i++)
init_waitqueue_head (&spca50x->frame[i].wq); //初始化帧等待队列
init_waitqueue_head (&spca50x->wq); //初始化驱动等待队列
if (!spca50x_configure (spca50x))
//物理设备配置（主要完成传感器侦测和图形参数配置），主要思想是给控制寄存器写值，读回其返回值，以此判断具体的传感器型号
{
spca50x->user = 0;
init_MUTEX (&spca50x->lock); //信号量初始化
init_MUTEX (&spca50x->buf_lock);
spca50x->v4l_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
spca50x->buf_state = BUF_NOT_ALLOCATED;
}
else
{
err ("Failed to configure camera");
goto error;
}
/* Init video stuff */
spca50x->vdev = video_device_alloc (); //设备控制块内存分配
if (!spca50x->vdev)
goto error;
memcpy (spca50x->vdev, &spca50x_template, sizeof (spca50x_template));
//系统调用的挂接，在此将驱动实现的系统调用，挂到内核中
video_set_drvdata (spca50x->vdev, spca50x);
if (video_register_device (spca50x->vdev, VFL_TYPE_GRABBER, video_nr) < 0)
{ //video设备注册
err ("video_register_device failed");
goto error;
}
spca50x->present = 1;
if (spca50x->force_rgb)
info ("data format set to RGB");
spca50x->task.sync = 0;
spca50x->task.routine = auto_bh;
spca50x->task.data = spca50x;
spca50x->bh_requested = 0;
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT; //增加模块使用数
return spca50x; //返回数据结构
error: //错误处理
if (spca50x->vdev)
{
if (spca50x->vdev->minor == -1)
video_device_release (spca50x->vdev);
else
video_unregister_device (spca50x->vdev);
spca50x->vdev = NULL;
}
if (spca50x)
{
kfree (spca50x);
spca50x = NULL;
}
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
return NULL;
nodevice:
return NULL;
}
Spca5xx_disconnect的具体实现如下：
static void
spca5xx_disconnect (struct usb_device *dev, void *ptr)
{
struct usb_spca50x *spca50x = (struct usb_spca50x *) ptr;
int n;
MOD_INC_USE_COUNT; //增加模块使用数
if (!spca50x)
return;
down (&spca50x->lock); //减少信号量
spca50x->present = 0; //驱动卸载置0
for (n = 0; n < SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES; n++) //标示所有帧ABORTING状态
spca50x->frame[n].grabstate = FRAME_ABORTING;
spca50x->curframe = -1;
for (n = 0; n < SPCA50X_NUMFRAMES; n++) //唤醒所有等待进程
if (waitqueue_active (&spca50x->frame[n].wq))
wake_up_interruptible (&spca50x->frame[n].wq);
if (waitqueue_active (&spca50x->wq))
wake_up_interruptible (&spca50x->wq);
spca5xx_kill_isoc(spca50x); //子函数终止URB包的传输
PDEBUG (3,"Disconnect Kill isoc done");
up (&spca50x->lock); //增加信号量
while(spca50x->user) //如果还有进程在使用，进程切换
schedule();
down (&spca50x->lock);
if (spca50x->vdev)
video_unregister_device (spca50x->vdev); //注销video设备
usb_driver_release_interface (&spca5xx_driver, //端口释放
&spca50x->dev->actconfig->
interface[spca50x->iface]);
spca50x->dev = NULL;
up (&spca50x->lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
destroy_proc_spca50x_cam (spca50x); //注销PROC文件
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
if (spca50x && !spca50x->user) //释放内存空间
{
spca5xx_dealloc (spca50x);
kfree (spca50x);
spca50x = NULL;
}
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT; //减少模块记数
PDEBUG (3, "Disconnect complete");
}