1.1 分区表PARTITION table
在ORACLE里如果遇到特别大的表，可以使用分区的表来改变其应用程序的性能。
1.1.1 分区表的建立：
某公司的每年产生巨大的销售记录，DBA向公司建议每季度的数据放在一个分区内，以下示范的是该公司1999年的数据(假设每月产生30M的数据)，操作如下：
范围分区表：
CREATE TABLE sales
(invoice_no NUMBER,
...
sale_date DATE NOT NULL )
PARTITION BY RANGE (sale_date)
(PARTITION sales1999_q1
VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE(‘1999-04-01’,’YYYY-MM-DD’)
TABLESPACE ts_sale1999q1,
PARTITION sales1999_q2
VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE(‘1999-07-01’,’YYYY-MM-DD’)
TABLESPACE ts_sale1999q2,
PARTITION sales1999_q3
VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE(‘1999-10-01’,’YYYY-MM-DD’)
TABLESPACE ts_sale1999q3,
PARTITION sales1999_q4
VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE(‘2000-01-01’,’YYYY-MM-DD’)
TABLESPACE ts_sale1999q4 );
--values less than (maxvalue)
列表分区表：
create table emp (
empno number(4),
ename varchar2(30),
location varchar2(30))
partition by list (location)
(partition p1 values ('北京'),
partition p2 values ('上海','天津','重庆'),
partition p3 values ('广东','福建')
partition p0 values (default)
);
哈希分区：
create table emp (
empno number(4),
ename varchar2(30),
sal number)
partition by hash (empno)
partitions 8
store in (emp1,emp2,emp3,emp4,emp5,emp6,emp7,emp8);
组合分区：
范围哈希组合分区：
create table emp (
empno number(4),
ename varchar2(30),
hiredate date)
partition by range (hiredate)
subpartition by hash (empno)
subpartitions 2
(partition e1 values less than (to_date('20020501','YYYYMMDD')),
partition e2 values less than (to_date('20021001','YYYYMMDD')),
partition e3 values less than (maxvalue));
范围列表组合分区：
CREATE TABLE customers_part (
customer_id NUMBER(6),
cust_first_name VARCHAR2(20),
cust_last_name VARCHAR2(20),
nls_territory VARCHAR2(30),
credit_limit NUMBER(9,2))
PARTITION BY RANGE (credit_limit)
SUBPARTITION BY LIST (nls_territory)
SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE
(SUBPARTITION east VALUES ('CHINA', 'JAPAN', 'INDIA', 'THAILAND'),
SUBPARTITION west VALUES ('AMERICA', 'GERMANY', 'ITALY', 'SWITZERLAND'),
SUBPARTITION other VALUES (DEFAULT))
(PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1000),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2500),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE));
create table t1 (id1 number,id2 number)
partition by range (id1) subpartition by list (id2)
(partition p11 values less than (11)
(subpartition subp1 values (1))
);
索引分区：
CREATE INDEX month_ix ON sales(sales_month)
GLOBAL PARTITION BY RANGE(sales_month)
(PARTITION pm1_ix VALUES LESS THAN (2)
PARTITION pm12_ix VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE));